Awareness of Charcot Foot Among Diabetic Patients: A Podiatric Approach

Abstract

Charcot Neuroarthropathy (Charcot Foot) is a severe and potentially disabling complication of diabetes mellitus that commonly develops in patients with peripheral neuropathy. Due to the loss of protective sensation, the condition is frequently painless in its early stages, leading to delayed diagnosis and progressive destruction of the bones, joints, and soft tissues of the foot and ankle. This study evaluates the level of awareness and knowledge regarding Charcot Neuroarthropathy among diabetic patients attending tertiary care hospitals in Karachi and examines its association with major risk factors, particularly body mass index (BMI) and glycemic control measured through HbA1c levels. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding the neurotraumatic and neurovascular mechanisms involved in disease progression, which contribute to inflammation, bone resorption, deformity, and instability, commonly resulting in a characteristic rocker-bottom foot deformity. Clinical manifestations such as swelling, redness, warmth, and deformity, along with diagnostic approaches including clinical examination, X-ray, MRI, and CT imaging, are highlighted for early detection. The research further identifies poor glycemic control, obesity, long duration of diabetes, foot trauma, and peripheral neuropathy as significant contributing factors. By promoting patient education, regular podiatric assessment, daily foot care, and timely diagnosis, the study underscores the importance of preventive strategies to reduce complications such as ulceration, infection, amputation, disability, and reduced quality of life among diabetic patients.