Foot Deformities in Children

Abstract

Foot deformities in children are common orthopedic conditions that can adversely affect musculoskeletal development, gait, and overall functional outcomes if not identified and managed early. This poster provides an overview of three prevalent pediatric foot abnormalities: flat foot (pes planus), club foot (congenital talipes equinovarus), and idiopathic toe walking. Flat foot is characterized by the collapse of the medial longitudinal arch and is associated with genetic predisposition and environmental factors such as obesity, ligamentous laxity, and inappropriate footwear; it affects approximately 10–30% of children and adolescents and may lead to pain, abnormal gait, and long-term complications if untreated. Club foot is a congenital deformity involving inward and downward twisting of the foot, primarily managed using the Ponseti method of serial casting and bracing, with surgical intervention reserved for resistant cases; its etiology includes both genetic and prenatal environmental influences. Idiopathic toe walking is defined as persistent toe walking without a clear cause, though it may be associated with neurological or developmental conditions; if untreated, it can result in Achilles tendon shortening, ankle stiffness, and gait abnormalities. Management strategies across these conditions include conservative approaches such as physical therapy, orthotics, and casting, with surgery considered in severe cases. Early diagnosis and timely intervention are essential to prevent complications and improve long-term functional outcomes in affected children.