A Neuro-Occupational Perspective on Pediatric Visual Impairment

Abstract

Pediatric visual impairment is increasingly recognized as a complex condition influenced not only by ocular pathology but also by significant neurological and neurodiverse factors. This study employs a literature-based observational approach, reviewing 24 relevant studies selected from an initial pool of 33, to identify how these neurological influences impact the occupational performance of affected children. Findings indicate that 30–45% of visually impaired children present with cerebral visual impairment (CVI), particularly those with a history of prematurity or cerebral palsy, while over 60% of children with global developmental delay exhibit associated visual difficulties. Furthermore, there is a high prevalence of sensory processing and attention deficits among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which fundamentally alter visual perception, motor control, and behavior. Ultimately, the study concludes that functional challenges in pediatric visual impairment cannot be understood in isolation from a child's neurological profile. Recognizing these interrelated factors is essential for providing effective, targeted occupational therapy and early interventions that improve long-term independence and participation in daily life.