Association between Traditional Footwear and Structural Foot Changes

Abstract

Traditional footwear is essential for maintaining foot structure and function, yet its design often lacks critical arch support, cushioning, and stability. Biomechanical research shows that variations in foot arches and walking styles put different pressures on the feet, and wearing shoes that are too small in length or width significantly increases the risk for injuries.

Studies indicate that 63–72% of individuals wear improperly sized shoes, leading to a high prevalence of conditions: 72% suffer from corns, 68% from calluses, 63% from foot pain, 45% from bunions, and 32% from hammertoes. Common complications include "pump bump" or Haglund's deformity caused by rigid straps on high heels, as well as an increased risk of ankle sprains due to impacted balance.

Tight or narrow footwear causes deformities like hallux valgus and claw toes by squeezing the digits and restricting natural movement. Understanding this relationship is vital for balance, posture, and pain-free movement. Treatment involves rest and ice for pain relief, the use of orthotic insoles or toe spacers for alignment, physiotherapy to improve function, and surgery for severe cases.